"DRA" 1861 Census

DRACUP  DRACUPS  DRAGGE  DRAHMANN  DRAKE  DRAMER  DRANEY  DRAPEAU  DRAPER  DRAPER_TOWNSHIP  DRASDALE  DRAYDON  DRAYTON 

DRACUP 1861 census on147a page 088 line 12  @ca.on. hastings_county. sidney_township_agricultural_census film C1034 lds0349279
12 DRACUPS Robert▼ concession 4 lot 20 part acres 100
    DRACUP Robert▼ 58 and Amelia 53 Sidney Township 1851 census on128 page 178 line 31

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRACUP 1861 census on147a page 088 line 13  @ca.on. hastings_county. sidney_township_agricultural_census film C1034 lds0349279
13 DRACUPS Edmund▼ concession 4 lot 21 part acres 100
    s/o DRACUP Robert▲▼ and Amelia
    DRACUP Edmond▼ 17 with parents Sidney Township 1851 census on128 page 178 line 31

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRACUP - All Categories in OGSPI

DRACUPS 1861 census on147a page 088 line 12  @ca.on. hastings_county. sidney_township_agricultural_census film C1034 lds0349279
12 DRACUPS Robert▲ concession 4 lot 20 part acres 100
    DRACUP Robert▲▼ 58 and Amelia 53 Sidney Township 1851 census on128 page 178 line 31

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRACUPS 1861 census on147a page 088 line 13  @ca.on. hastings_county. sidney_township_agricultural_census film C1034 lds0349279
13 DRACUPS Edmund▲ concession 4 lot 21 part acres 100
    s/o DRACUP Robert▲ and Amelia
    DRACUP Edmond▲ 17 with parents Sidney Township 1851 census on128 page 178 line 31

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRACUPS - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAGGE 1861 census on313 page 031 line 14  @ca.on. perth_county. logan_township section 4 film C1065 lds0349312
14 DRAGGE Charles m 37 Germany Free_Church farmer married
    lot 22 concession 4
15 DRAGGE {?} Mary f 37 Germany Free_Church married
16 DRAGGE William m 14 Germany Free_Church
17 DRAGGE August m 9 Ont Free_Church
18 DRAGGE Mary f 7 Ont Free_Church
19 DRAGGE Pearl f 2 Ont Free_Church
20 PETERSON Douglas m 50 Ont Free_Church labourer
    census research 2000-2012 by Don and Marilyn Holmes of Listowel Ontario

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAGGE - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAHMANN 1861 census on427 page 028 line 29  @ca.on. waterloo_county. woolwich_township section 3 film C1079 lds0349328
29 DRAHMANN William m 54 Germany Luth farm labourer married
30 DRAHMANN {?} Augusta f 34 Germany Luth married
31 DRAHMANN Augusta f 9 Germany Luth
32 DRAHMANN Fredericka f 5 Ont Luth
33 DRAHMANN Bobbrech? m 1 Ont Luth

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAHMANN - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAKE 1861 census on242
 @ca.on.middlesex_county.lobo_township DRAKE Alice
    DRAKE Angelina
    DRAKE Elizabeth▼ J.▼
    DRAKE Ida
    DRAKE Jessie
    DRAKE Murray
    DRAKE Rosa
    DRAKE Samuel▼
    source: OGS London-Middlesex Branch publication #214 1861 Census Middlesex - Lobo

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAKE 1861 census on243
 @ca.on.middlesex_county.london_township DRAKE Brighet
    DRAKE Elizabeth▲▼
    DRAKE Ellen
    DRAKE George▼
    DRAKE Hanah▼
    DRAKE Henery
    DRAKE Joseph
    DRAKE Margret▼
    DRAKE Mary▼
    DRAKE Susan
    source: OGS London-Middlesex Branch publication #222 1861 Census Middlesex - London Township: Surnames A-L

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAKE 1861 census on274 page 086 line 37  @ca.on.ontario_county. pickering_township section 5 film C1057 lds0349303
37 SWAINE Mat m 30 Ire CofE labourer married
38 SWAINE {?} Sarah f 27 Eng CofE married
39 SWAINE Elizabeth f 6 Ont CofE
40 SWAINE John m 4 Ont CofE
41 SWAINE Sarah f 2 Ont CofE
42 DRAKE Hannah▲ f 13 Eng CofE

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAKE 1861 census on312 page 037 line 37  @ca.on. perth_county. hibbert_township section 4 film C1065 lds0349312
37 DRAKE John m 41 Ire CofE farmer married
38 DRAKE {BEER} Mary▲ f 41 Ire CofE married
   linked as maiden name  BEER Mary
39 DRAKE John E. J.▲ m 15 Ire CofE farm_labourer
40 DRAKE James▼ P. m 11 Ont CofE
41 DRAKE William▼ H. m 8 Ont CofE
42 DRAKE Samuel▲ M. m 5 Ont CofE
43 DRAKE Elizabeth▲▼ f 3 Ont CofE
44 DRAKE Eliza▲▼ f 1 Ont CofE
45 DRAKE Mark▲ m 46 Ire CofE farmer
46 DRAKE {?} Jane▼ f 70 Ire CofE widow
47 DRAKE Charles Robert m 18 Ire CofE farm_labourer
    census research 2000-2012 by Don and Marilyn Holmes of Listowel Ontario

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAKE 1861 census on315 page 012 line 12  @ca.on.perth_county. mornington_township film C1065 lds0349312
12 DRAKE William▲▼ m 40 Ire Free Church farmer married
    lot 17 concession 4 according to agricultural census
13 DRAKE {?} Agnes f 37 Ire Free Church married
14 DRAKE James▲ m 15 Ont Free Church
15 DRAKE George▲ m 13 Ont Free Church
16 DRAKE Jannet▲ f 11 Ont Free Church
17 DRAKE Isabella f 8 Ont Free Church
    census research 2000-2012 by Don and Marilyn Holmes of Listowel Ontario

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAKE 1861 census on380 page 031 line 49  @ca.on.simcoe_county.innisfil_township section 1 film C1073 lds0349321
49 DRAKE Prince m 31 married
50 DRAKE {?} Sarah f 22 married
    more in OGS Simcoe County Branch 1861 Census Transcriptions (21 columns of data per name)

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAKE 1861 census onmiddlesex.london_city
    DRAKE Arthur
    DRAKE Bartholomew
    DRAKE Elizabeth▲
    DRAKE William▲
    source: OGS London-Middlesex Branch publication #224 1861 Census Middlesex - City of London: Surnames A-L

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAKE - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAMER 1861 census on427 page 013 line 42  @ca.on. waterloo_county. woolwich_township section 2 film C1079 lds0349328
42 STRICKER Godfrey m 41 Germany Evangelical farmer married
    second marriage
43 STRICKER {DRAMER} Barbara f 29 Germany Evangelical married
   linked as maiden name  DRAMER Barbara
44 STRICKER Daniel m 15 Ont Evangelical farm labourer
45 STRICKER Elizabeth f 14 Ont Evangelical
46 STRICKER Catherine f 13 Ont Evangelical
47 STRICKER Rebecca f 9 Ont Evangelical
48 STRICKER John m 8 Ont Evangelical
49 STRICKER Abraham m 6 Ont Evangelical
50 STRICKER Samuel m 4 Ont Evangelical

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAMER - All Categories in OGSPI

DRANEY 1861 census on148 page 007 line 32  @ca.on.huron_county.ashfield_township section 1 film C1035 lds0349280
32 DRANEY Henry▼ m 66 Ire CofE farmer married
33 DRANEY {?} Margret▼ f 65 Ire CofE married
    married during the year 1820
34 DRANEY Arthur m 34 Ire CofE
35 DRANEY Alexander m 23 Ire CofE

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRANEY 1861 census on148 page 007 line 43  @ca.on.huron_county.ashfield_township section 1 film C1035 lds0349280
43 DRANEY Andrew m 35 Ire CofE farmer married
44 DRANEY {?} Elisha▼ f 31 Ire CofE married
    married during the year 1852
45 DRANEY Ellin f 7 Ont CofE
46 DRANEY Margret▲▼ f 5 Ont CofE
47 DRANEY Eliza▼ f 2 Ont CofE
48 SAVAGE John m 17 Ire RC labourer
    not member of family according to 1861 census column 16

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRANEY 1861 census on240
 @ca.on.middlesex_county.dorchester_north_township DRANEY Anne E.
    DRANEY Elizabeth▲
    DRANEY Henry▲
    DRANEY Jane
    DRANEY John
    DRANEY Mary▲ J.
    DRANEY Mary▲
    DRANEY Robert
    source: OGS London-Middlesex Branch publication #219 1861 Census Middlesex - North Dorchester

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRANEY - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAPEAU 1861 census on355 page 020 line 27  @ca.on. renfrew_county. brudenell_township_and_ lyndock_township_and_ radcliffe_township_and_ raglan_township film C1070 lds0349319
27 RABEAU Martin m 25 Que RC labourer
    also linked as DRAPEAU

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPEAU 1861 census on355 page 020 line 29  @ca.on. renfrew_county. brudenell_township_and_ lyndock_township_and_ radcliffe_township_and_ raglan_township film C1070 lds0349319
29 RABEAU Antoine m 25 Que RC labourer
    also linked as DRAPEAU

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPEAU - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAPER 1861 census on044 page 003 line 07  @ca.on.durham_county.clarke_township section 1 film C1016 lds0349257
07 DRAPER Thomas▼ m 64 Eng BibleChristian labourer married
08 DRAPER {?} Loveday f 67 Eng BibleChristian married
09 DRAPER Susan f 24 Eng BibleChristian

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on044 page 102 line 25  @ca.on.durham_county.clarke_township section 5 film C1016 lds0349257
25 DRAPER Joel m 66 USA none farmer married
26 DRAPER {?} Ellen f 43 Ire CofS married

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on046 page 028 line 29  @ca.on.durham_county. hope_township section 2 film C1016 lds0349258
29 ROTHWELL Edward m 52 Ire CofE school teacher married
30 ROTHWELL {?} Latticia f 40 Ire CofE married
31 ROTHWELL Harriet f 18 Ont CofE
32 ROTHWELL Latticia f 16 Ont CofE
    ROTHWELL Letitia age 21 of Hope Township born Canada married 1864-02-18 @ca.on.durham_county to BRYANS James age 27 of Hope Township born Canada
    source: County Marriage Registers of Ontario 1858-1869 Volume 14 Durham County page 013
    BRYANS James 40 and wife Letitia 37 Elma Township 1881 census district 172e1 family 0009
33 ROTHWELL William m 14 Ont CofE
34 ROTHWELL Eliza J. f 12 Ont CofE
35 ROTHWELL Thomas H. m 8 Ont CofE
36 ROTHWELL Margaret f 6 Ont CofE
37 ROTHWELL Fanny f 4 Ont CofE
38 DRAPER Thomas▲▼ m 86 Ont CofE farmer

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on046 page 064 line 01  @ca.on.durham_county. hope_township section 5 film C1017 lds0349258
01 DRAPER Thomas▲▼ m 40 Eng Bible_Christian labourer married
02 DRAPER {?} Isabella f 40 Eng Bible_Christian married
03 DRAPER L. Ann▼ f 18 Eng Bible_Christian
04 DRAPER Elizabeth f 10 Eng Bible_Christian
05 DRAPER Isabella f 8 Eng Bible_Christian
06 DRAPER Thomas▲▼ m 5 Eng Bible_Christian
07 DRAPER M.Jane f 2 Canada Bible_Christian
08 DRAPER Mark▼ m 1 Canada Bible_Christian
09 DRAPER Samuel▼ m 1 Canada Bible_Christian

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on147a page 041 line 45  @ca.on.hastings_county.madoc_township_agricultural film C1034 lds0349279
45 DRAPER John▼ concession 9 lot 24 acres 1/2

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on243
 @ca.on.middlesex_county.london_township DRAPER Sarah▼
    source: OGS London-Middlesex Branch publication #222 1861 Census Middlesex - London Township: Surnames A-L

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on280 page 045 line 27  @ca.on. ontario_county. uxbridge_township section 4 film C1058 lds0349304
27 SHAVER John m 40 USA WMeth labourer married
28 SHAVER {DRAPER} Emaline f 30 Canada WMeth married
   linked as maiden name  DRAPER Emaline
    married during the year 1847
29 SHAVER Mary f 12 Canada WMeth
30 SHAVER Malissa f 10 Canada WMeth
    given name written using old long s, similar to Malifsa
31 SHAVER Charity f 7 USA WMeth
32 SHAVER Pheebe f 5 Canada WMeth
33 SHAVER Emaline f 3 Canada WMeth

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on305 page 069 line 47  @ca.on. perth_county. blanshard_township section 5 film C1064 lds0349311
    note: enumerator did not include given names and details on original 1861 census sheet
47 DRAPER m 48 Ire CofE farmer married
48 DRAPER {?} f 35 Ire CofE married
49 DRAPER 16 Ireland CofE
50 DRAPER 14 Ireland CofE
51 DRAPER 12 Ontario CofE
    page 070
01 DRAPER 10 Ontario CofE
02 DRAPER 8 Ontario CofE
03 DRAPER 6 Ontario CofE
04 DRAPER 4 Ontario CofE
05 DRAPER 2 Ontario CofE
    census research 2000-2012 by Don and Marilyn Holmes of Listowel Ontario

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on307 page 026 line 01  @ca.on. perth_county. easthope_north_township section 2 film C1064 lds0349311
01 DRAPER William▼ m 39 Ire CofE storekeeper married shakespeare
02 DRAPER {?} Katherine f 30 Ire CofE married
03 DRAPER John▲▼ William▼ m 7 Ont CofE
04 DRAPER Ann▲▼ f 5 Ont CofE
05 DRAPER Debora Jane▼ f 1 Ont CofE
06 DRAPER Benjamin m 32 Ire CofE shoemaker
    census research 2000-2012 by Don and Marilyn Holmes of Listowel Ontario

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on308 page 047 line 01  @ca.on. perth_county. easthope_south_township section 4 film C1064 lds0349311
01 DRAPER Thomas▲▼ m 40 Ire CofE farmer married
02 DRAPER {MOSSIP} Mrs▼ T. (Mary▲▼ Ann) f 40 Ire CofE married
03 DRAPER Thomas▲▼ m 15 Ont CofE farm labourer
04 DRAPER George m 14 Ont CofE
05 DRAPER Arch.? m 12 Ont CofE
06 DRAPER Martha▲▼ f 10 Ont CofE
07 DRAPER Joseph m 8 Ont CofE
08 DRAPER Frances f 5 Ont CofE
09 DRAPER Mary▲▼ f 1 Ont CofE
    census research 2000-2012 by Don and Marilyn Holmes of Listowel Ontario

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on308 page 047 line 10  @ca.on. perth_county. easthope_south_township section 4 film C1064 lds0349311
10 DRAPER John▲▼ m 47 Ire CofE farmer married
11 DRAPER {?} Mrs▲ J. f 31 Ire CofE married
12 DRAPER James▼ m 1 Ont CofE
    census research 2000-2012 by Don and Marilyn Holmes of Listowel Ontario

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on359 page 004 line 20  @ca.on. renfrew_county. pembroke_township film C1070 lds0349319
20 MULLIGAN David m 35 Ire RC pilot married
    son of MULLIGAN Barnard and wife DONNELLY Hanah
21 MULLIGAN {DRAPER} Catherine f 27 Ont RC married
   linked as maiden name  DRAPER Catherine
    dtr of DRAPER Thomas▲ and wife FOX Catharine
    David and wife Catherine married 1854 @ca.qc.ottawa_county.aylmer.saint_paul_rc
    David 44 and wife Catherine 37 Pembroke Township 1871 census district 082d family 028
    David 53 and wife Catherine 46 Pembroke Town 1881 census district 114e family 0309
    David 65 and wife Catherine 57 Pembroke Town 1891 census district 113g family 106
22 MULLIGAN Thomas m 4 Ont RC
23 MULLIGAN Hanna f 3 Ont RC
24 MULLIGAN Bridget f 16 Que RC

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on364 page 019 line 29  @ca.on. renfrew_county. ross_township film C1071 lds0349319
29 SMITH Alfred m 39 Ont EMeth married
    ccupation stroked through, illegible
    marriage year 1846 in Ross 1861 census original document
30 SMITH {?} Mercilia f 35 Ont EMeth married
31 SMITH Francis m 14 Ont EMeth labourer
32 SMITH Caroline f 11 Ont EMeth
33 SMITH Daniel m 9 Ont EMeth
34 DRAPER Mandesra f 17 Ont EMeth

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on379 page 067 line 29  @ca.on.simcoe_county.gwillimbury_west_township section 4 film C1072 lds0349320
29 DRAPER Ransom m 43 married
30 DRAPER {?} Jane▲▼ f 34 married
31 DRAPER John▲ m 17
32 DRAPER William▲▼ m 15
33 DRAPER Samuel▲ m 11
34 DRAPER Margret▲▼ f 9
35 DRAPER Ruben m 6
36 DRAPER James▲ A. m 1
    more in OGS Simcoe County Branch 1861 Census Transcriptions (21 columns of data per name)

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census on467 page 018 line 01  @ca.on. york_county. georgina_township film C1087 lds0390221
    geographic file continued from 1861 census on467 page 015 line 01
01 DRAPER Daniel m 27 Ont Christian carpenter married
2 DRAPER {?} Jane▲ f 23 Ont Christian
    Daniel 47 and wife Jane▲ 40 Georgina Township 1881 census district 137i1 family 0231
03 DRAPER Mary▲ f 5 single Ont Christian
04 DRAPER William▲ m 3 single Ont Christian
05 DRAPER Sarah▲ Ann▲ f 1 single Ont Christian

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER 1861 census onmiddlesex.london_city
    DRAPER G.
    source: OGS London-Middlesex Branch publication #224 1861 Census Middlesex - City of London: Surnames A-L

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAPER_TOWNSHIP 1861 census on411a page 001 line 00  @ca.on.victoria_county.draper_township film C1076 DRAPER_TOWNSHIP geographic files:
    1861 census personal 401 pages 1-13
    1861 census agricultural 415a page 60
    VICTORIA_COUNTY in 1861 census only - later MUSKOKA_DISTRICT
    contact Carol Fraser pfraser@csolve.net if you are searching Draper Ryde Oakley

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAPER_TOWNSHIP - All Categories in OGSPI

DRASDALE 1861 census on381 page 003 line 02  @ca.on.simcoe_county.medonte_township section 1 film C1073 lds0349321
02 DRASDALE Christina f 15
    more in OGS Simcoe County Branch 1861 Census Transcriptions (21 columns of data per name)

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRASDALE - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAYDON 1861 census on046 page 013 line 29  @ca.on.durham_county. hope_township section 1 film C1016 lds0349258
29 DINNER William m 42 Eng CofE cooper married
30 DINNER {DRAYDON} Mary f 38 Eng CofE married
   linked as maiden name  DRAYDON Mary
    DINNER Mary 50 Hope Township 1871 census district 051a2 family 136
    DINNER Mary m2 1880 to TRENBETH Richard widower of Grace
    TRENBETH Richard 55 and wife Grace 55 Hope Township 1871 census district 051a2 family 133
    TRENBETH Richard 65 and wife Mary 60 Hope Township 1881 census district 127a2 family 0071
    TRENBETH Richard 75 and wife Mary 70 Hope Township 1891 census district 058b1 family 068
31 DINNER Richard m 14 Ont CofE
    did not marry
    DINNER Richard 24 Hope Township 1871 census district 051a2 family 136
    DINNER Richard 33 Hope Township 1881 census district 127a2 family 0066
    DINNER Dick 40 Hope Township 1891 census district 058b1 family 065
32 DINNER Susan f 12 Ont CofE
    DINNER Susanna 22 Hope Township 1871 census district 051a2 family 136
    married BEST George
    BEST George 40 and wife Sussanna 32 Hope Township 1881 census district 127a3 family 0282
    BEST George 50 and wife Susan 43 Hope Township 1891 census district 058b1 family 055
33 DINNER Mary Ann f 10 Ont CofE
    DINNER Ann 20 Hope Township 1871 census district 051a2 family 136
    married BARKER Claud 1873 in Port Hope
34 DINNER William m 8 Ont CofE
    DINNER William 18 Hope Township 1871 census district 051a2 family 136
    DINNER William 29 Hope Township 1881 census district 127a3 family 0283
    married MUTCH Charlotte 1883 in Toronto
35 DINNER John m 6 Ont CofE
36 DINNER Catherine f 3 Ont CofE
    DINNER Cathrine 14 Hope Township 1871 census district 051a2 family 136
    DINNER Catherine 28 Hope Township 1881 census district 127a2 family 0066
    married ROBINSON Joseph 1891 at Welcome
37 LEACH/LEECH/LEITCH Samuel m 8 Eng CofE

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAYDON - All Categories in OGSPI

DRAYTON 1861 census onmiddlesex.london_city
    DRAYTON Henry
    source: OGS London-Middlesex Branch publication #224 1861 Census Middlesex - City of London: Surnames A-L

  D... Names     DR... Names     DRA... Names   1861 Census Menu   Welcome Home

DRAYTON - All Categories in OGSPI